Triad of Town-Planning Interests: State, Public and Public

Abstract

The article examines the category of public interest through the prism of territorial planning and urban zoning. The authors proposes a tripartite typology distinguishing state, societal, and public interests in the proper sense. State interest materializes in facilities of federal, regional, and local significance (schools, hospitals, roads). Societal interest is embodied in common-use territories (squares, streets, parks). Public interest in the narrow sense manifests in objects performing the function of identity formation and space sacralization, such as temples, monuments, and cemeteries. Referring to the Roman legal tradition inherited by Russia through Byzantium, the author draws parallels between modern religious structures and Roman res sacrae, substantiating the necessity of recognizing an independent category of public objects in territorial planning legislation.