“Adaptive” and “Universal” Approaches by V.P. Kalmykov and V.A. Lavrov on the Example of the Architectural and Spatial Organization of a Quarter in the Projects of Central Asian Socialist Cities

Abstract

The article compares the residential quarters designed by the Association of Architects-urbanists (ARU) in 1930 for the social city of New Chardzhui (architects Victor Kalmykov and Leonid Grinshpun) and Namangan (architect Vitaly Lavrov). The architectural and spatial organization of the building was restored using the method of digital modeling of various types of residential buildings. Authors determined the degree of compliance with regional traditions of house building. Compositional techniques used by urban architects in designing a quarter of a Central Asian city were revealed for the first time. These techniques’ origins were shown with the theoretical reasoning and practical ideas of ARU for the Avtostroy and Green City projects designed in 1929–1930. This approach made it possible to determine the creative methods of two prominent representatives of the association: «adaptive» Victor Kalmykov and «universal» Vitaly Lavrov.