Dynamic Effects from Railway Transport and Tunnel Excavation on Rock-Hewn Cultural Heritage Sites
Dynamic Effects from Railway Transport and Tunnel Excavation on Rock-Hewn Cultural Heritage Sites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2026-3-112-120Keywords:
railway vibration, rock mass, cultural heritage site, Inkerman Monastery, roadheader, tunnel, transfer function, peak particle velocity, under-ballast matAbstract
The article considers the assessment of dynamic effects during construction and operation of a railway tunnel near a rock-hewn cultural heritage site. The object is the cave-church complex of the St. Clement Monastery in the Zagaitan rock mass. A special vibration assessment is required because low damping, jointing and direct coupling between rock and monument may increase the effect of repeated vibrations. Regulatory approaches and comparable cases are reviewed. A calculation-and-experimental approach based on frequency-dependent transfer functions between the source, rock mass and heritage control points is proposed. The effects of a roadheader, tunnel excavator and train traffic are analysed. Predicted peak particle velocities during tunnel excavation do not exceed the adopted integral criterion. For operation, the critical octave bands of 4 and 8 Hz are
identified; additional mitigation is required in one design section. The proposed measures include train speed reduction, under-
ballast mats and vibration monitoring.
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