From the History of Fundamental Science and Innovation. The Second Half of XX Century
From the History of Fundamental Science and Innovation. The Second Half of XX Century
Abstract
In the second half of the twentieth century, scientific research from the sphere of activity of individuals has become an important task of the state. Throughout the world, the role and social importance of science increased. According to estimates, the share of 50-70-ies of XX century accounts for 2/3 of all discoveries made by mankind. During this period, the cost of science significantly increased, making it one of the decisive sectors of the national economy of developed countries.
The number of people employed in scientific production began to grow sharply, at the same time, this growth was ahead of the growth rate of technical armament of researchers.
In the USSR during the period under review, science developed 2,5-3 times faster than other sectors of the economy. The country needed to expand research in a number of new scientific areas, accelerate innovation processes - to learn new technologies, to create new branches of technology and industry. Soviet scientists have solved such complex scientific and technical problems as mastering the energy of the atomic nucleus, penetration into space, introducing information processing. New challenges faced fundamental research, which were concentrated in the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
The article presents data on the structure and forms of organization of fundamental research in the country, the number of staff of the Academy, the main directions of research; lists the main achievements of Soviet science received during this period and awarded the Nobel prize.
It is noted that one of the most important conditions for the development of Soviet science was the formation of the material base - the construction of research centers, buildings of institutions, the creation of special research facilities.
The article presents graphs, diagrams and photographs illustrating the considered period of development of the national fundamental science.
The material is intended for designers, researchers, students and teachers of architectural Universities.
