Shell Structures: Genesis, Materials and Subtypes

Part 1. Subtypes and Directions

Abstract

The article considers architectural styles and directions as applied only for thin shells and shell structures. The styles are studied for architectural shells but technological shells and technological spatial structures such as pipes, underground tunnels, machine-building goods, and so on are not considered. Diagrams of the architectural styles, constructive building materials, and spatial erections of the shell type appearing at the same time were drawn up. An attempt to coordinate these three parameters and to find the intercommunication between them was made. All considered styles are illustrated by concrete erected objects. The founders of the architectural styles and the dates of their appearances are named. It was discovered that 26 architectural styles and style directions were used in the process of designing of shell structures. A chronology of appearance of constructive building materials is briefly presented and the history of building of the shells and shell structures from considered constructive materials is given. For those who are interested in the more detailed information, the bibliography containing 38 names is presented at the end of the paper.