The Formation Principles of the Tourist Recreational Clusters Located at Special Protection Areas of the Arctic Zone

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of tourist and recreational clusters in specially protected natural areas in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

The issues of identifying the peculiarities of interaction between tourism activities in the northern regions in protected areas are not sufficiently developed, which in practice can lead to the loss of valuable natural elements, as well as to the degradation of cities and settlements located directly in the zone of influence of the natural environment. Each new space created in a natural area carries an ecological footprint, and thanks to a constantly evolving society, there is a constant transformation of existing natural structures, which often leads to the degradation of the natural landscape "under the pressure of visitors". This raises the question of ensuring compliance with strict requirements for the preservation of the environment and the creation of ecological methods for the use of natural areas, since the development of recreational activities inevitably leads to their change. To solve the problem of overcoming the deformation of natural areas, the authors formulated tasks that must be performed when designing tourist and recreational clusters in the Arctic zone.

The authors describe the types of landscapes included in the Russian Arctic, their recreational resources and popular types of tourist activities in their territories. The current situation of the infrastructure in protected areas in the Russian Arctic is analyzed and the necessary basic facilities for the formation of tourist and recreational clusters are described. The current problems in environmental law that hinder the conservation of protected areas are highlighted. The problems of observing the rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples living in the Russian Arctic are also considered. As a result of the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, the principles of the formation of tourist and recreational clusters in protected areas in the Russian Arctic are derived, in order to establish control over the state of ecosystems and their balanced use.