Frame and Fabric of Urban Planning System. St. Petersburg, XVIII and XXI Century Part 2

Abstract

Using the example of St. Petersburg, the patterns of controlled formation and development of urban planning structures are considered. The focal nature of the urban fabric that arose in the initial phase of the development of the natural transport framework, the functional and spatial localization of settlements are recorded. Particular attention is paid to the radical transformations of the second half of the 18th century, when off-street waterways were supplemented by a network of regular urban roads, which ensured the transition to new forms of land use. The role of off-street transport routes in the late 19th - mid- 20th centuries is noted - the railway, which contributed to the development of agglomeration, and the metro, which increased the connectivity of the urban fabric. The first experience of construction of highways and expressways in St. Petersburg is analyzed and it is emphasized that when assessing the impact of new elements of the transport framework on the urban environment, they now prefer to judge only by data on the intensity of movement, the remaining components of the multidimensional impact do not attract attention. It is suggested that the ongoing reconstruction of the transport frame will enhance the localization of the urban fabric in places where it comes into contact with new off-street transport.