Science in the Space of Moscow: Origins of Development

Abstract

The article deals with the problems of the emergence and spatiaL deveLopment of Moscow science during the 17th century. The reasons for conducting scien-tific research in royal orders, pharmacies, monastic and secular schools, and in the first higher educational institutions are analyzed. It is emphasized that an important condition for the emergence of a new urban function was the success of education and the emergence of educated people in the Russian capital. Much attention is paid to the creation of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy and the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences. The principles of the settlement of scientists, including those who come to Moscow from other cities and countries, as well as the principles of the settlement of students, are characterized.

The factors of concentration of objects of science within the territorial area "Kremlin - Kitay-gorod" are considered. The subject of analysis is Nikolskaya Street, which acts as a planning axis leading from the Kremlin to the north-eastern part of the city, and at the same time is "the first ray of Moscow science." There was a practice of functional zoning of space, including vertical functional zoning. It is noted that in the time of Peter the Great, science took part in the formation of architectural ensembles, and the objects of science, arising within the framework of multifunctional urban complexes, showed the ability to dominate the development of urban areas and dis­tricts. The methods of spatial organization of scientific research developed in the 17th century are compared with those used by architects and urban planners of modern Moscow.