The Method of Historical Reconstruction in the Study of the Evolution of the Urban Structure of the Settlement. Part 2

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the urban structure in the planning and compositional aspects in a consistent comparison of the evolutionary stages of the development of the spatial system and territory, changes in borders and the emergence of new parts. An analysis of the locations of churches against the background of planning formations that are developing over time reveals peculiar principles of the arrangement of temple ensembles in the structure and inextricable interconnection with gardens, settlements, bargains, monasteries; the method is implemented by comparing plans of different times, as well as by graphically reproducing archival information and descriptions of scribal books and other sources. On this basis, a study of urban evolution and genesis is carried out, which allows us to describe a model of the structure of the settlement, consisting of different parts that have arisen from ancient times to the present. The study found a variety of "genetic" models, which is associated with geographical factors, the administrative, cultural, religious role of the city; the study of the evolution process gives knowledge about the laws governing the formation of a city-planning structure, on the basis of which the initial qualities and parameters of ensembles, as well as the boundaries of the "genetic" parts, even lost, that constitute a true holistic historical and "genetic" model of the settlement, should be restored. The method of historical reconstruction should become the basis of zoning on a "genetic" basis in the development of planning and development rules and forecasting future forms of development.