he Concepts of Biomorphism and Parametrism in Modern Architecture: Problems and Prospects
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Abstract
The article deals with the latest phenomena in architecture caused by the possibilities of the new digital technology. Special attention is paid to the concept of "parametrism", proposed by the German-British philosopher Patrick Schumacher (Bureau"Zaha Hadid Architects"). It is shown that Schumacher offers a cost-effective and ultra-fast design principle for the sphere of mass urban development, based on the mathematics of "parametrism" and allowing the mass production of variations of architectural forms within the program.
Schumacher's book "Autopoiesis of architecture", which carries the pathos of pragmatics, is based on the matrix of the theory of systems and at the same time - on the theory of communication of sociologist Niklas Luhmann, who considers social systems by analogy with biological systems, is briefly evaluated. The term "autopoiesis," meaning selfreplication, was borrowed by Luhmann from neuroscientists. The social system, according to the sociologist, is analogous to the biological one and is capable of producing and reproducing all its parts from itself. It is shown that - in turn - the term autopoiesis is borrowed from the sociologist Luhmann philosopher Patrick Schumacher in the theoretical work "Autopoiesis of architecture". It is emphasized that Schumacher's reflections appear accordingly: first, in communicative and second, in biological logic. And thus moving away from the formal-spatial logic of the architectural profession, built today on a digital basis, striving for the pragmatics of the economy of post-Fordism.
The author of this article examines this concept is critical because the alleged principle is contrary to the ontological beginning of human settlements, transforming the urban development of "cities for people" honeycombed "likelikes".
In criticism, the author relies on his own arguments and on the concepts of theorists of architecture: American Christopher Hite, British Mario Carpo, Dutch Niels Prak.