Bioclimatic Comfort and Conditions for Urban Development, Improvement and Landscaping

Abstract

The conditions of spatial development, landscaping, and gardening in the system of urban planning in the relationship with regional natural and climatic conditions of the territory and their comprehensive assessment in the form of bioclimatic comfort of territories are considered. In recent years, there have been publications that use the fundamental concept of "bioclimatic comfort", but in fact, it hides a limited list of factors considered or a very local scale of the studied objects, and the studies themselves, generally, are not empirically confirmed, are not sufficiently linked with medico-geographical, landscape, urban planning, environmental and other social factors affecting the quality of life of the population. It is shown that these problematics should again become interdisciplinary, oriented to modern urban planning tasks. An example of an integrated approach to the assessment of bioclimatic comfort of the climate and adaptation conditions of the population in the planning of settlement can be a series of maps M 1:8000000 and 1:15000000, made by B.B. Prokhorov and E.V. Andreeva in 1993 for the "Urban Atlas of Russia". In their time the mentioned atlas maps were not published, but, from our point of view, the obtained results are of fundamental importance and very relevant today, especially in connection with the state programs of Arctic development. The article contains the legends of the mentioned maps and the results of the assessment of the bioclimatic comfort of the territories of Siberia and the Far East. In addition, the author analyzes the bioclimatic conditions of the territories of municipalities within the current boundaries of the Arctic zone in terms of requirements and recommendations for urban planning, landscaping, and gardening, and provides examples that demonstrate the significant variability of bioclimatic comfort and its perception under the influence of factors of landscaping and gardening.