Methodology, Methods, and Experience of Work on Preservation and Adaptation for the Modern Use of the Park of the Mikhalkovo Grange in Moscow. Part 2

Abstract

Using the example of preserving a cultural heritage object of regional significance "Mikhalkovo Grange" in Moscow, we consider the methodology for designing a park restoration and the tasks of their improvement. In 2014-2015, it became possible to participate in the restoration of part of the park of this grange and explore its features in general. Analysis of archival, cartographic, literary sources, field surveys showed that the park is a typical example of a landscape park of the late 18th century. In 1784-1788, P.I. Panin built a remarkable architectural ensemble of the front courtyard in the style of "pseudo-gothic", attributed to V.I. Bazhenov, on a hill. A landscape park was arranged, which included a regular park with digging ponds and Golovinsky ponds that existed in the estate earlier.

The area of the "Mikhalkovo Grange" is more than 50 hectares. The "core of the estate", which includes the ensemble of the front courtyard with a regular park - cultural heritage object of regional significance, has an area of about 8 hectares.

The analysis of archival materials and field surveys showed that the architectural - spatial and landscape organization of the studied work of SPI corresponds to the basic principles of creating Russian landscape parks of this period, especially parks characteristic of V.I. Bazhenov and his followers.

On the example of the "Mikhalkovo Grange", it is shown how miscalculations in assessing the compositional "features" of landscape parks, their preservation, and the lack of protection in the subject can negatively affect the results of park restoration. For Mikhalkovo, an in-depth study of the compositional features of the landscape park, refinement of the "valued site", correction of the shortcomings of the recently completed park restoration, and, above all, correcting the distortion of the appearance of the historic park by laying along the banks of gabion manor ponds, is recommended. Studying the experience of the restoration and adaptation to modern use is important for future restorations of the park in question, as well as for other historical parks.